The Yan'an faction (Korean: 연안파; RR: yeonanpa) were a group of pro-China communists in the North Korean government after the division of Korea following World War II.

The group was involved in a power struggle with pro-Soviet factions but Kim Il-sung was eventually able to defeat both factions and dominate the North Korean government, allowing him to push for unification during the Korean War. "Yeonan" is the Korean reading of Yan'an, a town in China that formed the base of the Chinese Communist Party during the Chinese Civil War.

Led first by Mu Chong and then by Kim Tu-bong and Choe Chang-ik, the Korean exiles had lived in China's Shaanxi province and joined the Chinese Communist Party whose regional headquarters were at Yan'an.

They had formed their own party, in exile, the "North-Chinese League for the Independence of Korea". In the autumn of 1945, the Soviet Union allowed some 4,000 Koreans who had joined the Chinese communist movement to fight with the People's Liberation Army to return to North Korea, though they disarmed them. They then formed the New People's Party, which merged with the Communist Party in 1946 to form the Workers Party of North Korea. Many members of the Yan'an faction had fought in the Chinese Eighth Route Army and New Fourth Army and thus had close relations with Mao Zedong.